Electrical

GENERAL PROVISIONS

• Each electrical design shall include the submittal of the following design calculations: 
  1. Lighting calculations showing required and designed foot-candles.
  2. Estimated panel board loading (including 25% extra as a projection of future building loads)
  3. A projection/summation of the panel board loads to justify the sizing of the building transformers
  4. An economic analysis to justify the selection of either 120V/208V or 277Y/480V on the secondary side of the building  transformers
  5. An analysis, for the 277Y/480 V choice, as to whether the step down transformer(s) shall be large central units or smaller units placed throughout the building
  6. A short-circuit analysis to determine the AIC rating of the system components.
  7. A coordination study to determine the circuit breaker settings and system coordination
• Whenever possible, selection of products should be based on Standards Energy Star Rating and/or LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).

 

 

260513 – MEDIUM-VOLTAGE CABLES                                                                                                                                    

• WSU has standardized on Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) insulated cable and on 500 thousand circular mils (KCMIL) as the preferred size for the 15 kV cable.
• The system voltage is a nominal 12.5 kV.
• The EPR cable shall be 15 kV single copper conductor, shielded at 105 degrees C and rated with a 133% insulation level.
• The strand screen shall be extruded semi-conducting EPR meeting or exceeding the electrical and physical requirements of ICEA S-68-516, AEIC CS6, and UL 1072.
• The shield shall be 5 mil thick bare copper tape helically applied with a 12- 1/2% overlap.
• The jacket shall be a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) jacket. The cable shall be UL listed as Type
• MV-105 in accordance with UL 1072.
• Each feeder shall consist of three single-conductor cables, plus a ground wire as described hereinafter, or a three-conductor cable with an integral ground. Where EPR cable is installed, it shall have a copper ground conductor installed with the phase conductors. The ground conductor shall be No. 1/0 AWG minimum in accordance with NEC Article 250-51 and Table 250-94.
• All splices shall be custom made at each location by an experienced cable splicer using customized splicing kits from a reputable cable manufacturer. All splices shall be started and carried through to completion without interruption, usually taking about 8 hours.

 

 

260519 – LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CONDUCTORS AND CABLES                                                           

• Wire insulation shall be color coded. Branch-circuit conductors shall have colored insulation. Larger conductors shall be taped with the appropriate color tape for a minimum 6 in. starting from the termination. Each conductor of multi-conductor cable shall be color coded the same as single conductors. Color coding shall be as shown below for power conductors in the given voltage systems:

Power Line Color Code Table

PHASE	208/120 V	480/277 V	12,500 V
Phase A	Black	Brown	Brown
Phase B	Red	Orange	Orange
Phase C	Blue	Yellow	Yellow
Neutral	White	Gray
Ground	Green	Green
Isolated Ground	Green with Yellow Tracer

 

260526 – GROUNDING AND BONDING FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS                                                                            

• Solid-grounding electrode system shall be provided to ground the service entrance equipment.
• Where an exterior pad-mounted transformer is utilized, a ground ring of #4/0 AWG bare copper conductors shall be provided around the transformer pad. Ground rods shall be placed approximately 3 ft. outside each corner of the pad. Two #4/0 AWG conductors shall be brought up into the transformer enclosure for equipment grounding. The transformer neutral shall only be grounded inside the service entrance (SE) equipment in the building.
• A #4/0 AWG ground conductor shall extend from the outdoor ground ring underground to the main electric room ground bus.
• Ground conductors shall be connected to a wall mounted ground bus. The ground bus shall be 2 in. x 0.25 in. x 24 in. copper. The ground bus shall be mounted 18 in. above finished floor (AFF). Grounding conductors leading to the ground ring shall be exothermically welded to the ground bus; all others shall be bolted.
• Equipment and grounding electrode conductors (all bolted conductors) shall be labeled. Labeling shall utilize embossed brass metal tags with nylon tie wraps.
• Ground conductors brought through the floor or walls shall be in PVC conduit sleeves.
• Ground conductors shall not be located in traffic areas or where subject to damage.
• Feeders and branch circuits shall contain equipment ground conductors sized in accordance with the NEC.
• Panel boards serving isolated ground receptacles shall have an isolated ground bus in addition to the equipment ground bus. The isolated ground bus shall not be bonded to the panel board enclosure or equipment ground bus.
• Isolated ground receptacles are typically required in laboratories and offices. The buses shall be clearly labeled.
• An isolated ground conductor shall be sized to match the phase conductor. The isolated ground conductor shall be isolated to the separately derived power source.

 

 

260533 – RACEWAY AND BOXES FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS                                                                                        

• Conduit shall be metallic to provide a redundant ground path. PVC or aluminum conduit is not acceptable except as noted below.
• PVC conduit may be used in underground applications and shall be used in concrete duct banks.
• All conduits shall be clearly shown on the contract drawings.
• Homerun arrows with panel designation and circuit numbers are acceptable. All switch legs and circuit continuations shall be indicated on the contract drawings.
• Conduits shall be clearly indicated on drawings where they are to be installed exposed and where they are to be installed concealed. All conduits run in walls shall be run vertically. No horizontal runs of conduit shall be allowed in any walls.
• The couplings used on electrical metallic tubing (EMT) shall be rain tight compression type. Set screw couplings shall not be allowed.
• The minimum conduit size shall be 0.75 inches.
• Surface mounted conduit in wash down areas and where exposed outside shall be PVC coated RGS with threaded couplings.
• Flexible metal conduit (Greenfield) shall be used for lighting fixture connections (whips) only. Liquid-tight, flexible metal conduit shall be used for connections to equipment subject to vibration, noise transmission, or movement.
• Lighting fixture connections shall be made with minimum 4 ft. and maximum 6 ft. lengths of flexible metal conduit in accordance with NEC.
• Surface metal raceway shall be metallic; plastic is not acceptable. The standard is Wiremold 4000 series. All other series must be approved by the university electrical engineer. Emergency circuits shall be wired in separate channels from normal circuits. Power and communications shall be in separate channels.
• All raceways shall follow the color scheme listed below. All existing conduits that are reused shall have their boxes, couplings, and fittings hand painted by brush to match the color scheme below using the PPG number shown.

Raceway Color Schemes

SYSTEM	RACEWAY COLOR/ (PPG #)	DEVICE & PLATE COLOR
Fire Alarm	Red/ (70075)	Red
Voice/Data/video/security	Blue/ (12809)	N/A
Normal Power	Unpainted	White
Emergency/Life Safety	Orange/ (71346)	Red
Stand-By	White/ (4185)	Gray
Lighting	Black/ (4337)	N/A
Dedicated Grounding	Green/ (46180)	N/A
Wireless Way-finding	Yellow/ (80453)	N/A

• Busway shall have all solid copper bus. Ventilated busway shall be installed in dry locations not subject to moisture. Non ventilated bus way may be installed in wet or dry locations.

 

 

260536 – CABLE TRAYS FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS                                                                                                           

• Cable tray shall be made of aluminum and of the ladder type for all power and communication cables. Cable trays shall consist of factory manufactured units that bolt together in the field.
• The minimum cable tray size for communications cable shall be 12 in. x 4 in. nominal. Fabrication in the field, other than the shortening of a single straight section per each straight run to meet field conditions, will not be permitted. Corners, intersections, and tee units shall be standard manufactured units for this purpose; modification of straight sections to meet these needs will not be permitted. Where vertical space permits, and as approved by the Project Manager, tees and intersections can be in the form of two separate, straight tray sections at differing elevations; minimum spacing between these sections in the vertical direction shall be 6 in.
• Ventilated tray bottoms, in lieu of ladder rungs, will not be acceptable.
• Cable trays are to be routed near the side of the utility or pedestrian corridor wherever possible. Cable-tray locations shall be coordinated with adjacent utilities so that the tray will be accessible for adding or removing cables in the future. Routing shall also be adjusted so as not to obstruct access to other utility items that would routinely require access for maintenance or adjustment.
• The cable trays shall be supported directly from the building structure above and side walls wherever possible. Bridging of other utilities with a trapeze arrangement is acceptable. The spacing of the support points shall be as recommended by the cable tray manufacturer. Supporting cable tray from suspended ceiling construction shall not be permitted.
• Where cable tray would penetrate wall (4) 4” Hilti speed sleeves shall be used to allow cables to pass through wall.

 

 

260553 – IDENTIFICATION FOR ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS                                                                                                     

• All electrical equipment shall have nameplates identifying the name of the piece of equipment or the name of the equipment served (disconnects, starters, etc.) the nominal voltage, phase, and where it is fed from.
• Nameplates shall be laminated phenolic legend plates with black letters on white surround for normal power, white letters on a red surround for emergency power and red letters on a white surround for stand-by power.
• Nameplates shall have minimum 0.25 in. high letters for small equipment and disconnects, 0.5 in. high for medium-sized wall mounted equipment such as panel boards and individual Size 2 starters and above, and 2 in. high for freestanding equipment such as large panel boards, switchgear, and transformers.
• The nameplates shall be attached with stainless steel screws.
• All devices, switches, and receptacles shall be labeled with panel and circuit number that serves them. Labels shall be made from clear label tape with 1/8” high black text. Label shall be adhered to the front face of the device plate.

 

 

260620 – SCHEDULES FOR LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION                                                                    

• The information to be supplied on the panel board schedules is all data necessary to order the equipment and all data needed to completely identify the attached loads. Information to be clearly shown shall include the following:
  • Panel name
  • Number and size of spare breakers
  • Number of bused spaces and the maximum ampere ratings
  • Total number of breaker positions in the panel
  • Top feed or bottom feed
  • Main circuit breaker (MCB) or main lugs only (MLO)
  • Surface or recessed mounting
  • Trip rating, frame rating, and number of poles of each breaker
  • The AIC rating of the panel; series rating is not acceptable
  • The identification of the load and the room name
  • The estimated connected load in watts
  • The estimated connected load in volt amperes (or KVA) per circuit
  • Panel total connected KVA and Amps
  • Panel total demand KVA and Amps

 

260650.13 – LIGHTING PANEL BOARD SCHEDULE                                                                                                             

• The information to be supplied on the panel board schedules is all data necessary to order the equipment and all data needed to completely identify the attached loads. Information to be clearly shown shall include the following:
  • Panel name
  • Number and size of spare breakers
  • Number of bused spaces and the maximum ampere ratings
  • Total number of breaker positions in the panel
  • Top feed or bottom feed
  • Main circuit breaker (MCB) or main lugs only (MLO)
  • Surface or recessed mounting
  • Trip rating, frame rating, and number of poles of each breaker
  • The AIC rating of the panel; series rating is not acceptable
  • The identification of the load and the room name
  • The estimated connected load in watts
  • The estimated connected load in volt amperes (or KVA) per circuit
  • Panel total connected KVA and Amps
  • Panel total demand KVA and Amps

 

 

260913 – ELECTRICAL POWER MONITORING                                                                                                                      

• All metering shall be as manufactured by Square D to interface with existing Square D Power Server equipment. Every new unit substation shall have a Square D PowerLogic PM8000 series or greater metering package installed with LAN cable connected to campus network. This meter shall be housed within a dedicated metering cubicle within each substation.

 

 

260923 – LIGHT CONTROL DEVICES                                                                                                                                         

• Occupancy sensors shall be provided in conference rooms, bathrooms, and single-person offices. An ultrasonic type sensor shall be utilized in enclosed rooms such as bathrooms and conference rooms. A passive infrared-type sensor shall be utilized in single offices. The ceiling-mounted, ultrasonic and switch replacement, passive infrared units shall be specified depending on the room configuration. Dual technology should be used in lieu of a single technology for all installations unless this would lead to miss-application of a technology. The designer shall check with the manufacturer for recommendations.
• Sensors shall be as manufactured by Sensor Switch only.
• Dimming of fluorescent lighting fixtures shall be prohibited. Multiple levels of light shall be obtained with multi-level switching.
• Localized switching shall be provided in lieu of large-area switching. Labs shall be switched in 12 foot width groups within multi-modules.
• The use of relays to control lighting circuits or sub circuits with lighting contactors is encouraged from an energy conservation standpoint and have the ability to measure usage and control i.e. shut off, go to 50% on “breaks”/long weekends.. The system must be flexible and easy to use. Corridors are a good application for PLC and PLC must be able to accept input from Siemens.
• Spaces within buildings with large amounts of exterior glass or skylights shall utilize photocell control of electric lighting. Lobbies as well as exterior offices are good examples of day lighting opportunities. Adjustable photocells must be the overriding control to allow for cloud cover and twilight. Zoning the lighting in rows of fixtures parallel to the exterior wall is preferred. Multi-level ballast switching of fluorescent fixtures in response to a photocell is also a way of saving energy.
• Dual switching shall be provided where appropriate with three lamp fluorescent light fixtures. The fixtures shall have two ballasts, one for the inner lamp and one for the outer lamps. One switch controls each ballast, providing the flexibility of one, two, or three lamps to be lighted.

 

 

261100 – SUBSTATIONS                                                                                                                                                               

• The building substations shall be located indoors in a 2 hour rated electrical vault and shall be unitized. The vault shall be a minimum of 30 foot long by 25 foot wide with a 6 foot wide door in the middle of the 25ft width. The room shall be a minimum of 12 foot high measured from floor to the bottom side of the floor structure above. All main vaults shall be on the basement level for easy access to the tunnel system.
• The size of building transformers and the requirements for power reliability at WSU require that there be an exit route specified for these large, heavy items of electrical equipment. The designer of the building must provide for a permanent exit route to remove these large items and bring in new units. Note that the faulty unit must be removed while the other unit substation remains in place and in operation.

 

 

261116 – SECONDARY UNIT SUBSTATION                                                                                                                            

• The typical building service shall consist of two unit substations one 120/208V and one 277/480V. Each transformer shall be sized for 125% of the total building load including any spare or future capacity.
• Building substations shall consist of a 15 kV primary HVL switch, a dry type transformer, a dedicated metering cubicle, a secondary main electronic trip circuit breaker, and a fusible switch distribution.
• The 15 kV primary switch shall be an HVL load break switch. The fusing shall be sized accordingly. The switch shall be bused to the transformer as an integral part of the unit substation.
• The unit substation will contain an electronic trip circuit breaker with adjustable trip settings as the secondary main on the load side of the transformer. This switch shall be an integral part of the unit substation.
• Low-voltage (below 600 V) switchboard is defined as a metal enclosure containing fusible switches in individual grounded metal compartments. The internal switchboard busing shall be copper and shall be insulated with PVC or other tough insulating material, except at split connections and where cable connectors are located. At these locations removable boots shall be provided for inspection of connection points.
• Square D PowerLogic metering shall be provided on the line side of the secondary main overcurrent device within a dedicated metering cubicle. The following minimum metering is required:
  1. Volts (phase to phase and phase to neutral)
  2. Frequency
  3. Ampere demand (per phase and average three-phase)
  4. Kilowatt hours (resettable)
  5. Kilowatt demand (three-phase)
  6. KVA demand (three-phase)
  7. Harmonic load content (percent THD)
  8. Power factor
  9. Disturbance and waveform capture
• Spaces in switchboards shall be fully bused. Spaces shall have insulated covers over bus stabs and ready for fusible switch installation. Bus shall be fully rated and shall have factory provisions for extension of main bus.
• Switchboards shall be located in electrical rooms dedicated to such use. No piping, ducts, or equipment foreign to the electrical equipment shall be permitted to be installed in, enter, or pass through electrical rooms in accordance with NEC requirements. Switchboards shall have the joints in the top (between sections) caulked with silicone after installation. Likewise, any conduit connections that are not inherently watertight shall be caulked.
• Electrical equipment that requires specialized tools for installation, maintenance, calibration, or testing shall have such tools supplied with the associated equipment and turned over to WSU at the end of the construction project. These tools can be as simple as a special screwdriver for vandal-proof lighting fixtures or the very complex test and calibration equipment needed to maintain solid-state circuit breakers. The argument that says tools are proprietary is not acceptable, and withholding the tools shall be cause for non-acceptance of the respective equipment that needs to be maintained.
• The transformer manufacturer shall coordinate and be responsible for the entire unit substation (switch, transformer, and secondary main and distribution).
• If Integrated Facility System Switchboard (IFSS) equipment is being considered for a project, the WSU Electrical Facility Engineer must approve prior to start of design.

 

 

261316 – MEDIUM VOLTAGE INTERRUPTER SWITCHGEAR                                                                                          

• All building electrical services shall originate from a new medium voltage freestanding SF-6 insulated switch with load interrupting switch ways. This switch shall be located within the same room as the new substation. The switch shall consist of manually operated load interrupting, SF-6 insulated, 630A, rotary puffer switches rated at 40,000 AIC and as manufactured by G&W model #VGRAM. The switch shall always have minimum of 5 switch ways. The switch shall come with a fill port, quick disconnecting pressure gauge and a dry contact for low pressure warning. The switchgear shall be labeled phase A, B, C from front to back.

 

 

262116 – ELECTRICAL SERVICE ENTRANCE                                                                                           

• WSU Electrical Engineer will determine the location of the service connection to the campus electrical distribution infrastructure grid for all new buildings or additions.

 

 

262416 – PANEL BOARDS                                                                                                                                                            

• Circuit breakers shall be bolt-on type. Plug-in-type breakers are not acceptable. The breaker shall have a published ampere interrupting rating at 125/250 V DC. This latter requirement is sometimes referred to as requiring an E-Frame breaker. (A DC rating for the one-pole and two-pole breaker shall be assumed by WSU to extend to the three-pole device as well, for purposes of this requirement.) The specified minimum DC rating is 5,000 A at 125/250 V DC. Note that some manufacturers do not publish this data, as it is an expensive procedure to have UL do the necessary tests to obtain the DC rating. Breakers without the DC rating or listing shall be approved by the University facilities electrical engineer.
• Every panel board shall have a main breaker in the same enclosure. The main breaker can be likened to a local disconnect and must be readily accessible should the panel board need to be de-energized in an emergency situation.
• Single-pole breakers shall not be ganged to form multi-pole breakers. Series rated equipment is not acceptable.
• The panel board directories shall be typed and shall reference the actual room numbers for the circuits. This shall be specified as part of the Contractor's responsibility regardless of room numbers used on the drawings. The directory shall list the panel board name and the name of panel it is fed from.
• New panel boards shall contain 25% spare circuit breakers. The spare breakers shall be left in the OFF position, and the panel board directory card shall list the word SPARE for these breakers.
• New panel boards shall contain space for future circuits that amount to at least 25% of those required in the initial design.
• Panel boards shall be located in electrical rooms or closets with code-required clearances and 3 in. minimum separation. Bathrooms, labs, or other rooms requiring floor drains or plumbing in the floor shall not be located above electrical rooms or closets. No pipes, ducts, or equipment foreign to the electrical equipment shall be installed in, enter, or pass through electrical rooms or closets in accordance with NEC requirements.
• Branch circuits shall not be served from panel boards located in an adjacent building, area, wing, or located on a different floor.
• Panel boards shall be labeled with name and feeder source panel or riser source location. The nameplate shall be a phenolic laminate with engraved black letters on a white surround. Emergency panels shall be white letters on red surround. The panel name shall have 0.5 in. high letters. The words FED FROM PANEL XX OR SWGR XX shall be 0.35 in. high on a line below the panel name.
• Panel boards shall have a 100% neutral bus, a ground bus, and all buses shall be copper. Panels serving high harmonic load content (50% nonlinear load) shall have a 200% neutral bus.
• All panel board breaker busing (extension fingers) including spaces shall be rated for 100 amperes minimum.
• Distribution panels shall be defined as those panels serving branch circuit panel boards and other three phase loads. Distribution panels shall be labeled DP-1, 2, 3, etc. below shall be used in sizing distribution panels for future space allocation.

 

Panel Board Pole Descriptions

Maximum Active Poles	Minimum Spare Poles	Total Poles
12	5	18
24	8	30
36	11	42

• Branch circuit panel boards shall have a maximum of 42 poles.
• Branch circuit panel boards shall be three-phase, four wire, with ground bus and all copper busing.
• All panel boards shall be provided with a hinged trim feature with a full-height piano style hinge. The trim shall hinge open with the removal of a few screws. The panel door shall give access to the circuit breakers only and shall have a flush tumbler lock.
• All panel board doors shall be keyed alike.

 

 

262726 – WIRING DEVICES                                                                                                                                                         

• The standard color for receptacles and cover plates in all finished areas shall be white and in all unfinished areas shall be brown unless otherwise noted or approved. All emergency/life safety powered devices shall be red in color and all stand by powered devices shall be gray in color.
• All receptacles shall be installed such that the ground prong is mounted in the down position.
• All receptacles shall be extra heavy duty specification grade equal to Hubbell HBL5362W.
• General purpose receptacles shall have a design load of 180 VA each in accordance with the NEC.
• For circuiting purposes a maximum of six receptacles shall be connected to a circuit. This allows a future expansion of two receptacles per circuit.
• Offices shall have minimum one general (white) receptacle per wall.
• Personal computers (PCs) shall be limited to four per 20 Amp circuit.
• Printers shall be limited to two per 20 Amp circuit.
• A 20 A duplex receptacle shall be mounted within 25 ft. of and on the same level as any electrically operated equipment on rooftops, in attics, and in crawl spaces. The receptacle must be on a separate circuit than that serving the equipment.
• Receptacles mounted outdoors shall be GFCI type with metal in use covers.
• Tamperproof safety-type receptacles are required in child care areas.
• All tamperproof receptacles shall operate with a 2 or 3 prong plug.
• Special duplex or single receptacles to serve specific equipment or loads shall be indicated by NEMA configuration.
• All cast in place floor boxes shall be FSR FL-600P with maximum depth as floor slab will allow.
• All raised floor boxes shall be FSR FL-640P with maximum depth as raised floor will allow.
• All flush floor poke through’s shall be Wiremold 8AT Evolution series.
• All toggle switches shall extra heavy duty industrial series equal to Hubbell HBL 1221W.
• All device cover plates shall be standard size, smooth and nylon with matching device color cover plate unless otherwise directed by WSU or as noted elsewhere in this document.
• All exterior receptacles shall be weather resistant, GFCI type with metal in-use covers.

 

 

262913 – ENCLOSED CONTROLLERS                                                                                                                                        

• Motors shall be operated on the system voltage noted below. Motors with ratings other than those listed shall not be connected. Thermal manual motor starters (TMMS’s) shall be of the non-automatic resetting type and shall be lockable in the off position.

 

Motor Rating and Voltage Table

Motor Rating (V)	System Voltage (V)
115	120
200/208	208
460	480

 

• Three-phase motor starters shall be sized by the NEMA rating. Motors 37,300 W and larger shall have reduced-voltage starters.
• Motor starters shall be combination type with a fused disconnect switch.
• Three-phase motor starters shall have integral single phase protection against loss of any phase voltage. Solid-state overload relays provide this function inherently. Pilot devices to be included in three-phase motor starters are:
  • Red running LED pilot light
  • Green power available LED pilot light
  • Hand-off-automatic (HOA) switch
  • Control power transformer (CPT) with two primary and one secondary fuse; secondary voltage shall be 120 V.
  • 2 N.O. and 2 N.C. auxiliary contacts with the capability of adding more
  • Mechanical override to open the starter enclosure while energized.
• Motor control centers (MCCs) shall be provided where six or more motors are located in an area and need to be interlocked. MCCs shall have copper bus and plug-in starters with no hard wiring directly to the starter. All control wiring (in or out) shall be extended to terminal strips in a central location in the MCC in accordance with NEMA Standard ICS 2-322, Type C wiring. Motor starters shall conform to IEC 947-4-1 Type 2 component protection in the event of a short circuit. Ladder diagrams and sequences of operations shall be provided for all control functions. This applies to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), automatic temperature controls (ATC) (pneumatic or electric), plumbing, fire protection, security, programmable lighting control, etc.
• Motor starter enclosures shall be NEMA Type 1 indoors, NEMA Type 4 outdoors, and NEMA 4X in corrosive environments.
• High-efficiency motors shall have the overcurrent protection sized in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
• Power factor correction capacitors shall be applied to motors 7.5 kW and larger. The capacitors shall be wired directly to the motor terminals.

 

 

262923 – VARIABLE-FREQUENCY MOTOR CONTROLLERS                                                                                              

• Variable-frequency (speed) drives (VFDs) shall be the university standard Yaskawa brand.  The model drive shall be determined in consultation with Facility Operations, consulting engineer and the requirements of motor and the equipment being driven.

 

 

63213– DIESEL-ENGINE-DRIVEN GENERATOR SETS                                                                                                          

• The following is the preference for WSU on generator selection. Approval must be given by WSU for any option rather than the first preference.

1. First preference is outdoor and diesel driven.
2. Second preference is outdoor gas driven
3. Third preference is indoor gas driven
4. Fourth preference is indoor diesel driven.

• The preferred generator location is outdoors in a sound-attenuated enclosure with adequate working space around the generator. Consideration shall be given to diesel exhaust, feeder length, aesthetics, space requirements, ease of removal, air intakes, etc. when locating the generator on the site. The sound attenuated enclosure shall provide 70 to 79 dB maximum noise level 20 ft. from the enclosure at rated output regardless of the generator size.
• The generator location shall have lighting on both sides of the generator(s) connected to emergency power.
• The generator exhaust silencer, or muffler, shall be critical grade rated or quieter to achieve the required sound rating. The location and direction of the engine exhaust shall not adversely affect the air intake for the building. The preferred direction of the exhaust is up, from a sound rating standpoint. A hinged rain cap shall be provided on vertical discharge exhaust pipes.
• An on-site minimum fuel storage capacity of 96 hours run time at 100% load shall be provided.
• Fuel-tank leak detection shall be provided.
• The battery charger shall be connected to emergency power. The jacket water heaters shall be connected to normal power. Where an oil circulation pump is provided to circulate oil through the engine top end, it shall be connected to normal power. A battery warmer of the wrap around blanket type shall be provided and shall be on emergency power.
• The diesel distribution system is defined as the system delivering power from the generator to the emergency terminals of the automatic transfer switch (ATS). Diesel power is normally dead until the generator is on line. Normal power is delivered to the normal terminals of the ATS. Emergency power starts at the load terminals of any ATS.
• Diesel power is distinguished from normal power which is live normally, and emergency power which is live all the time except during the brief engine start-up period (5-10 sec.). Where two or more ATS’s will be installed, an emergency diesel distribution panel EDDP shall provide for future addition of ATS’s with minimal interruption to the diesel power system.
• The lifting of the generator neutral to ground bond shall comply with NEC requirements for three-pole, solid neutral transfer switches. New construction or complete renovation projects shall utilize four-pole switches on three-phase, four-wire systems. The generator neutral shall be grounded when using four-pole switches in accordance with NEC requirements.
• If site constraints are such that the generator must be located indoors, the following design requirements apply.
  • Provide sound attenuated room to suit the generator being installed and the surrounding occupancies. The design for the volume of air delivered to the interior space where a generator is located must include the combustion air that exits out the exhaust stack and the cooling air that flows through the radiator. Note that the air that flows through the engine radiator is heated, and this expanded air, if used for combustion, will reduce the engine efficiency.
  • The cost of conditioning the air to be used for the needs of the generator dictates that outside air be used wherever possible. This requirement has no impact upon combustion air, but cooling with outside air will require that the coolant in the generator contain a chemical antifreeze ingredient. The outside air intake for combustion air shall be coordinated so that there is little chance that the building exhaust (which might contain smoke in a fire situation) will be drawn in for combustion air. The ventilation air intake shall be coordinated such that it does not draw in engine exhaust.
  • Where the engine exhaust from the indoor generator exits the building through a wall, or penetrates interior floor slabs or the roof, an insulating thimble must be used to protect adjacent materials from the excessive heat that would be created by full load operation.
  • The design that places a generator within a new building must also provide a suitable exit route for removal of this equipment shall replacement be necessary in the future. This route shall be clearly delineated on the drawings.
  • The air for either cooling or combustion purposes shall be primary filtered as it enters the building from outside. The engine filter shall be considered a second and final filter for indoor units

 

 

263623 – AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCHES                                                                                                                     

• The number of switched poles (three or four) in a transfer switch shall match the existing where replacement or upgrade is occurring.
• ATSs shall have override switches to cause them to transfer to the other source only if it is a good source. A "good source" is defined as one with line voltage + 10% available and frequency of 60 Hz + 1/2%.
• ATSs shall have external manual operators (EMOs) to mechanically operate the ATS under load without opening the enclosure door. Pushbuttons shall not be used as EMOs. The EMO shall transfer the switch to any position regardless of the condition of the source. ATSs without center off time delay shall have an in phase band monitor. ATSs shall have center off time delay when serving motors.
• ATSs shall be located indoors. If a waiver is granted for an outdoor location, the ATS shall have door-in-door NEMA Type 4X construction with strip heaters inside the enclosure. The strip heaters shall be connected to emergency power.
• The transfer switch shall be UL listed in accordance with UL 1008.
• The ATS shall be provided with a complete Square D Powerlogic metering package supplied on the load side of the device. These meters shall monitor the load whether the source is normal or diesel power. Metering shall consist, as a minimum, of voltmeter (phase to phase and phase to neutral), ammeter (per phase and average three-phase), frequency meter, and kW demand meter, plus associated switching devices.
• The operating mechanism of the transfer switch shall be electrically operated, mechanically held.
• ATS’s shall not be manufactured utilizing two circuit breakers with the trip handles physically connected. The cable connection points for the two inputs and load shall have a phase to-phase spacing of at least 2.75 in.
• Bypass transfer switches shall be used where the load cannot be taken out of service or the scheduling of an outage is extremely difficult. Transfer switches shall be maintained once a year. The bypass switch shall be make before break. The user shall be made aware of the added cost of a bypass transfer switch so as to make an educated decision. The size of a transfer switch will also increase with the addition of the bypass function. The bypass switch shall be capable of manual operation to either source, under load, regardless of the condition of the source or transfer switch position. The manual operator shall be readily and permanently accessible without opening the enclosure door.

 

 

264313 – TRANSIENT-VOLTAGE SUPPRESSION FOR LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL POWER CIRCUITS            

• Surge Suppression Systems
  • Provide a UL 1449 2^nd Edition “Master Plan” transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS) and filter system for the protection of AC electrical circuits and equipment from the effects of lightning induced currents, substation switching transients, and internally generated transients resulting from inductive and/or capacitive load switching and other electronic equipment.
  • The surge suppression system shall be comprised of distribution class arresters at the utility equipment, an ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Category "C" TVSS at the building service entrance, ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Category "B" TVSS's at critical distribution panels within the building, and ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Category "A" TVSS receptacles in telecommunications MDF and IDF rooms and in areas as directed by engineering.
• Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSS)
• Distribution Class Arresters.
  • Equipment shall comply with ANSI/IEEE C62.11, metal oxide varistor distribution surge arrester requirements.
  • Equipment shall employ metal oxide varistor technology, mounted in ceramic housing. Equipment shall be rated 3 kV on 4,160 V distribution system, 9 kV on 12,470 V distribution system, and 10 kV on 13,800 V distribution system. Equipment shall provide line-to-ground protection. Like Cooper Power Systems VariSTAR.
  • Equipment for pad mounted applications shall employ metal oxide varistor technology mounted in pre-molded rubber elbows. Equipment shall be rated 3 kV on 4,160 V distribution system, 9 kV on 12,470 V distribution system, and 10 kV on 13,800 V distribution system. Equipment shall provide line-to-ground protection. Like Cooper Power Systems M.O.V.E. Elbow.
  • Preferred manufacturers are Cooper Power Systems, General Electric, and McGraw-Edison.
• Category "C" TVSS
  • All service entrance equipment, unit substations and switchgear shall have integral category “C” TVSS.
  • Equipment shall comply with ANSI/IEEE C62.41 (IEEE 587), Category "C" requirements, tested to ANSI C62.45, listed to UL 1449 Second Edition, and bear the UL label.
  • Equipment shall operate bi-directionally and treat both positive and negative impulses, yielding line control and short flicker ride-through, and with per mode power handling capacity exceeding 200,000 AMPS L-L and L-N, 150,000 AMPS L-G and N-G, 350,000 AMPS per phase for repeated strikes. Equipment shall be capable of passing the entire UL duty/cycle and life test for a minimum of 10 times with less than 1 percent degradation. Equipment shall have UL 1449 Second Edition certified listing suppression level, after duty/cycle and life tests, of peak voltage phase-to-neutral ratings of 400 volts or less for units on 120/208 volt systems and 800 volts or less for units protecting 277/480 volt systems. Equipment shall protect against line-to-line, line-to-neutral, line-to-ground, and neutral-to-ground voltage transients. Equipment shall provide high frequency noise filtering of up to 50 decibel attenuation (MIL-STD-220A), both in normal and common modes, at frequencies of 100 KHz to 100 MHZ. Equipment shall actively track the AC sine wave to further remove low level surges, sharp wave fronts and eliminate error producing high frequency noise bursts. Like Current Technology Model MP.
  • Preferred manufacturers are Current Technology, Cutler-Hammer, General Electric, Innovative Technology, LEA International, Leviton and Leibert.
• Category "B" TVSS
  • Category “B” Transient voltage surge suppression (TVSS) shall be provided integral on all 120/208V panels.
  • Equipment shall comply with ANSI/IEEE C62.41 (IEEE 587), Category "B" requirements, tested to ANSI C62.45, listed to UL 1449 Second Edition, and bear the UL label.
  • Equipment shall operate bi-directionally and treat both positive and negative impulses, yielding line control and short flicker ride-through, and in conjunction with the service entrance TVSS, power handling capacity exceeding 135,000 transient amps per phase for repeated strikes.
  • Equipment shall be capable of passing the entire UL duty/cycle and life test for a minimum of 10 times with less than 1 percent degradation. Equipment shall, in conjunction with service entrance TVSS, perform as follows for disturbances injected at the source and measured at this unit:

 

Injected Signal:                                                    Typical measured output of signal

at the same time:

 

1) IEEE 587 'A' Ring Wave                                  3 volts

1. 1. 1. 1. volts, 200 amps)

 

2) IEEE 587 'B' Ring Wave                                  4 volts

1. 1. 1. volts, 200 amps)

 

3) IEEE 587 ‘B’ Unipolar UL1449                       120 volts

1. volts, 3000 amps)

 

4) Attenuation (100 hertz)                                 66 decibels

 

• • Equipment shall protect against line-to-line, line-to-neutral, line-to-ground, and neutral-to-ground voltage transients. Equipment shall provide high frequency noise filtering of up to 60 decibel attenuation (MIL-STD-220A), both in normal and common modes, at frequencies of 100 KHz to 100 MHZ. Equipment shall actively track the AC sine wave to further remove low level surges, sharp wave fronts and eliminate error producing high frequency noise bursts. Like Current Technology Model MPA.
  • Preferred manufacturers are Square D, Current Technology, Cutler-Hammer, General Electric, Innovative Technology, L.E.A. Dynatech, and Leibert.
• Category "A" TVSS
  • Equipment shall comply with ANSI/IEEE C62.41 (IEEE 587), Category "A" requirements, tested to ANSI C62.45, listed to UL 1449 Second Edition, and bear the UL label.
  • Equipment shall be duplex type receptacle, NEMA 5-20R, and shall protect against line-to-line, line-to-neutral, line-to-ground, and neutral-to-ground voltage transients. Receptacles shall have a minimum of two, 130V, 20mm metal oxide varistors (MOV), visible and audible surge status indicators, thermoplastic base, and ivory face. Devices shall not be used to provide "down-stream" protection of other receptacles.
  • Preferred manufacturers are General Electric, Hubbell, Pass and Seymour, and Leviton.

 

265000 – LIGHTING                                                                                                                                                                       

• Lighting requirements shall follow the IESNA Handbook unless otherwise noted.
• All luminaires shall have a UL listing.
• The lighting fixture schedule shall list at least three manufacturers and model numbers.
• Pendant or cable mount 4’ direct/indirect linear luminaires can be utilized. Luminaires require 25 watt T8 lamping, electronic ballasting, 20 gauge steel or cast aluminum components, end caps and a minimum 20% down light component. Suspended luminaire shall not be placed closer than 16” from the ceiling plain or as recommended by the manufacturer. 
• Another acceptable light fixture on WSU campus is the recessed 24 in. x 24 in and 24 in x 48 in. fluorescent recessed indirect or volumetric troffers. All fluorescent recessed indirect or volumetric troffers shall meet the criteria below:
  • 24 in x 48 in., 24 in x 24 in, and 12 in. x 48 in.
  • Depth: 6 in.
  • Body Metal Thickness: 22 gauge
  • Endplate Metal Thickness: 20 gauge
  • Door Material: Aluminum with mitered corners
  • Door Latches: Cam type
  • Paint Reflectance 90%, pre- or post-painted 2x4 Coefficient of Utilization (CU): .89 minimum at room cavity ratio (RCR) of 1.0 and ceiling/wall/floor reflectances of 80%/50%/20%.
  • 2x2 Coefficient of Utilization (CU): .83 minimum at RCR of 1.0 and ceiling/wall/floor reflectances of 80%/50%/20%.
  • 1x4 Coefficient of Utilization (CU):.79 minimum at RCR of 1.0 and ceiling/wall/floor reflectances of 80%/50%/20%.
  • Lens: .125 in. thick pattern 12 100% acrylic with flat prism surfaces or Reflector: One piece vacuum formed volumetric lens system: direct indirect basket system.
  • Lamps: (3) F25T835 W (3) PL-L 40W/35/RS, (2) F25T835
  • Total minimum luminaire efficiency: 80% lensed troffers, 80 % volumetric lensed troffers, 65% direct/indirect basket type troffers.

 

 

 

265100 – INTERIOR LIGHTING                                                                                                                                                  

• The office average maintained light level using a maintenance factor of 75% shall be 35 to 45 ft.-candles for the space. Task lighting shall be provided to maintain 50 FC at the work surface. All interior lighting levels must meet or exceed the current energy code (ASHRAE 90.1).  For values in other types of spaces confer with the Electrical engineer at WSU.
• Circuit connections to lighting fixtures shall be made with minimum 0.5 in. flexible metal conduit, maximum 6 ft. in length.
• Lighting fixture pendants shall be minimum 0.5 in. diameter stems with swivel mounts or aircraft wire.
• Light fixtures in mechanical/electrical spaces and any other back of house space without a lay-in ceiling shall be chain mounted acrylic lens wrap around vapor tight style fixture.
• Shelf-mounted, open-strip light fixtures shall also have plastic sleeves over the lamps or lens.
• All circuiting must be shown on the contract drawings, the use of switch labels (a, b, c) and corresponding labels (a, b, c) at each fixture shall not be acceptable. It shall not be the Contractor’s responsibility to lay out the room wiring diagram (i.e., perform the design function) in order to determine the number of conductors needed between fixtures or between fixtures and switch locations.

 

 

265113 – INTERIOR LIGHTING FIXTURES, LAMPS, AND BALLASTS                                                                              

• Electronic ballasts shall be used in all fluorescent lighting fixtures.
• Where fluorescent lighting fixtures are controlled by occupancy sensors, they shall have program rapid start electronic ballasts.
• Ballast shall be solid-state electronic type consisting of rectifier, high-frequency inverter, and power control and regulation circuitry. Ballast shall be UL listed, Class P thermal rating, and Class A sound rating, per UL935-84 and certified as follows by lighting Electronic Testing Laboratory (ETL) or UL and labeled by Certified Ballast Manufacturers Association (CBM). Ballast shall be rated for the actual number of lamps served, and the voltage shall match the connecting circuit voltage.
• Ballast shall have an operating frequency of 20 kHz or greater. Ballast shall contain no polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Light regulation shall be plus or minus 10% with nominal plus or minus 10% voltage variation.
• Ballast shall be designed to withstand transients described in IEEE Standard 587, Category A. Ballast temperature rise shall not exceed 25°C above 40°C ambient.
• Ballast shall meet Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations, Part 18.
• Ballasts shall have a minimum 5-year warranty.
• Fluorescent lighting fixtures 24 in x 24 in, 24 in x 48 in shall use T8 (1 in diameter) lamps. The ballast/lamp combination shall have an efficacy in excess of 75 lumens per watt (LPW).
• Fluorescent 4 ft. lamps shall be 25W, T8, 3,500 K color temperature with a CRI of 86 or higher and rated average life of 46,000 hours.
• LED/LED modules shall be manufactured by Nichia, Cree, Achriche, Phillips, Osram/Sylvania or approved equal. LED/LED modules shall be rated for 50,000 hours of life at 70% output (L70), shall have been tested in accordance with IENSA LM-79, LM-80 and TM-21 and have a minimum 5 year warranty.
• LED/LED modules shall be rated for efficacy of 80 lumens per watt and color consistency of NEMA SSL-3.
• LED/LED modules shall have one of the following designated CCTs (Color Corrected Temperature) per ANSI C78.377-2008 and all within the 7-step chromaticity quadrangles of: 2700K, 3000K, 3500K, 4100K, and 5000K.
• LED driver shall have 50,000 hours rated life with minimum efficiency of 85% at full load conditions.
• LED driver shall be UL 8750 approved, meet UL class 2, FCC 47CFR Part 15, and Class A minimum compliant.
• LED driver shall Class A sound rating, power factor of 0.9 or higher and have a minimum of 5 year warranty.
• Fluorescent lamps are recommended in all but the most critical color rendering applications. In those few specific applications, incandescent lamps may be utilized. The PAR halogen infrared (HIR) lamps are recommended for their lumen output and rated lamp life. Standard incandescent A, PAR and R lamps shall not be specified. Halogen versions of the PAR and R lamps shall be specified where compact fluorescent lamps cannot be used.
• Specialty light fixtures where fluorescent lamps are not possible, shall utilize LED lamp source. If LED is not an option, permission must be granted by WSU to utilize another lamp source.
• LED lamp sources shall be used for recessed and surface mounted can lights when applicable.
• LED lamps sources shall be utilized for all decorative lighting.
• Recessed fluorescent lighting fixtures shall be supported from the building structure on all four corners independent of the ceiling construction. Steel wire shall be minimum 0.125 in diameter

 

 

265300 – EXIT SIGNS                                                                                                                                                                     

• Light emitting diode type exit signs shall be used at WSU. Exit Signs shall have a minimum 10 year warranty. Fixtures shall either be edge glow style in finished spaces and white polycarbonate in unfinished spaces. Both shall have red letters.
• All exit signs shall be connected to building emergency power unless there is no building emergency power available, then battery backup powered AC exit signs shall be used.

 

 

265600 – EXTERIOR LIGHTING                                                                                                                                                  

• All exterior lighting shall utilize either an induction lamp source or LED lamp source.
• Lighting designers shall minimize light pollution, or the intrusion of WSU light on bordering neighbors. The use of "house side shields" on fixtures, or light fixtures with good "cut-off" optics for glare control shall be utilized on WSU property. Light trespass levels shall meet or exceed requirements for site light over flow of0.10 horizontal/vertical foot-candles at the property line, 0.01 foot-candles at a distance of 10’ beyond the property/project line.
• The maximum circuit breaker size protecting site lighting circuits shall be 30 A
• All exterior lighting circuits are to be controlled at their point of origin by a lighting contactor. The lighting contactor shall have a 24VAC coil and a hand/off/auto switch with red and green LED pilot lights. This is so the circuit can be energized during the day for trouble-shooting purposes.
• Site lighting circuits shall use minimum #6 AWG wire in minimum 2.5 in. PVC schedule 80 conduit. The plastic conduit is placed at least 24 in below finished grade with a 6 in. wide plastic warning tape with a metallic tracer strip placed above it at 6 in. below finished grade.
• Outdoor lighting circuits shall not have underground splices or tee splices. If splices are necessary, they shall only occur in accessible locations in light pole bases.
• All exterior lighting shall be of the glare control type with a flat lens rather than the drop-lens type. Up lighting shall not exceed more than 2% from the luminaire at an angle of 90 degrees or greater. 
• A lighting fixture schedule shall list at least three manufacturers and model numbers. A note indicating "or approved equal" shall be included at the bottom.
• Site lighting circuit voltages of existing circuits may be obtained from WSU.
• Animal loading docks and food service loading docks shall be induction or LED lighting.
• Loading docks shall be provided with 120V source(s) for bug "zapper" fixtures.
• The electrical lighting plan drawings shall contain enough information so that the number of wires in each conduit run is easily discernible.

 

 

265613 – LIGHTING POLES AND STANDARDS                                                                                                                     

• Site lighting poles shall have a 3 in. x 1 in. aluminum tag riveted to the pole. The tag shall clearly identify the building, panel, and circuit number where the service is derived.
• Street lighting shall be mounted 30 ft. above the pavement. Where poles are placed immediately at the edge of a parking lot or other areas where automobile bumpers may come in contact, the pole shall be mounted on a 3 ft. high concrete base for protection. The pole shall be shortened accordingly to maintain the 30 ft. mounting height.
• The placement of lighting poles near the property line shall be avoided and will be scrutinized by WSU.
• When a new street lighting pole is installed, it is required to have a 10 ft. long, 0.75 in. diameter, copper-clad ground rod placed in the foundation, and all metallic components shall be grounded to the rod, such as the metal standard, the ground wire pulled in with the power circuit, and an equipment ground wire to the luminaire.
• Walkway lighting fixtures are typically mounted on 14 ft. poles.
• Provide TVSS surge protection behind the hand hole at each new pole location.

 

 

265616 – PARKING LIGHTING                                                                                                                                                   

• Street lighting shall utilize a shoe box fixture mounted 30 ft. above the pavement with induction or LED lamps.
• LED shoe box shall contain die cast aluminum heat sink.
• UL iIP65 and or UL1598 wet location listing.
• CCT: 5000K
• LED Drivers shall have a 90% power factor and less than 10% THD
• LED assembly shall have a minimum 60,000 hour (L90at 40C)
• Off grid solar LED pole lighting is acceptable with WSU approval. Pole shall contain solar panel (maximum size 41” x 42”), Pole mounted battery enclosure, and LED luminaire.  Pole and entire assembly must be rated for manufactures EPA rating and wind loading charts.

 

 

265633 – WALKWAY LIGHTING                                                                                                                                                       

• Walkway lighting fixtures are typically mounted on 14 ft. poles with LED lamps. Walkway lighting shall be shoe box fixtures and match the fixtures in the area.
• LED shoe box shall contain die cast aluminum heat sink.
• UL iIP65 and UL1598 wet location listing.
• CCT: 5000K
• LED Drivers shall have a 90% power factor and less than 10% THD
• LED assembly shall have a minimum 60,000 hour (L90at 40C)
• Off grid solar LED pole lighting is acceptable with WSU approval. Pole shall contain solar panel (maximum size 41” x 42”), Pole mounted battery enclosure, and LED luminaire.  Pole and entire assembly must be rated for manufactures EPA rating and wind loading charts.